M5-T03: add Modbus TCP driver, YAML profile framework, sdm120, modbus_cli
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"""Modbus profile loader, validator, and decoder.
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A *profile* is a YAML file that describes the protocol-level knowledge for
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a particular Modbus device model:
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- Which registers to read (``blocks`` for efficient bulk reads).
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- How to decode each quantity (``metrics``: register address, type, unit, …).
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- Home Assistant metadata per metric (``device_class``, ``ha_component``, …).
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Profiles live in ``app/integrations/modbus/profiles/<name>.yaml`` and are
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located at runtime relative to *this file* (not CWD), so they work whether
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the package is installed as a wheel, run in-process, or invoked via
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``python -m scripts.modbus_cli``.
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Design notes
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------------
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- **Purely data + functions** — no abstract base classes or inheritance.
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- ``ModbusProfile`` and ``MetricSpec`` are Pydantic models: they validate on
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construction and raise ``pydantic.ValidationError`` for malformed YAML.
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- ``decode`` uses ``driver.registers_to_float`` for float32 quantities.
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Unsupported types are silently skipped with a warning (future-proofing for
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int16/uint16 etc.).
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import logging
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from pathlib import Path
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from typing import Optional
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import yaml
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from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
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from app.integrations.modbus.driver import registers_to_float
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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# Directory containing the YAML profiles, located relative to *this* file.
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_PROFILES_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "profiles"
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Pydantic models for profile validation
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class MetricSpec(BaseModel):
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"""Specification for a single measurable quantity within a profile."""
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key: str
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"""Stable identifier used as the key in decoded payloads (e.g. ``"voltage"``)."""
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address: int
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"""Starting Modbus register address (0-based, e.g. ``0x0000`` for voltage)."""
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type: str
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"""Encoding type — currently only ``"float32"`` is supported."""
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unit: str
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"""Physical unit string (e.g. ``"V"``, ``"A"``, ``"kWh"``). Empty string for dimensionless."""
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device_class: str
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"""Home Assistant device class (e.g. ``"voltage"``, ``"power"``, ``"energy"``)."""
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ha_component: str
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"""Home Assistant component type (e.g. ``"sensor"``)."""
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state_class: Optional[str] = None
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"""Home Assistant state class, if applicable (e.g. ``"total_increasing"``)."""
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class BlockSpec(BaseModel):
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"""A contiguous register block for bulk reading."""
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start: int
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"""First register address in the block."""
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count: int
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"""Number of 16-bit registers to read."""
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class ModbusProfile(BaseModel):
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"""Complete description of a Modbus device's protocol-level knowledge."""
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name: str
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"""Short identifier matching the YAML file name (e.g. ``"sdm120"``)."""
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description: str
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"""Human-readable description of the device."""
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function_code: int
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"""Modbus function code for reading measurements (4 = FC04 input registers)."""
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word_order: str
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"""Word (register) order: ``"big"`` means high register first."""
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byte_order: str
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"""Byte order within each register: ``"big"`` means standard network order."""
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blocks: list[BlockSpec]
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"""Register blocks to read in bulk, reducing Modbus transaction count."""
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metrics: list[MetricSpec]
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"""List of individual measurable quantities and their decoding rules."""
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Public API
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class ProfileNotFoundError(FileNotFoundError):
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"""Raised when the requested profile YAML file does not exist."""
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class ProfileValidationError(ValueError):
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"""Raised when a profile YAML file fails Pydantic validation."""
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def load_profile(name: str) -> ModbusProfile:
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"""Load and validate a Modbus device profile by name.
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The profile file is expected at
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``app/integrations/modbus/profiles/<name>.yaml``.
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Parameters
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----------
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name:
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Profile name without extension (e.g. ``"sdm120"``).
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Returns
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-------
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ModbusProfile
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Validated profile model.
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Raises
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------
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ProfileNotFoundError
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If ``profiles/<name>.yaml`` does not exist.
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ProfileValidationError
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If the YAML is syntactically valid but the content fails schema
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validation (missing required fields, wrong types, etc.).
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"""
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path = _PROFILES_DIR / f"{name}.yaml"
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if not path.exists():
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raise ProfileNotFoundError(
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f"Modbus profile '{name}' not found (looked for {path})"
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)
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with path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
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raw = yaml.safe_load(fh)
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try:
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profile = ModbusProfile.model_validate(raw)
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except ValidationError as exc:
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raise ProfileValidationError(
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f"Profile '{name}' failed validation: {exc}"
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) from exc
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return profile
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def list_profiles() -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
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"""Return ``(name, description)`` pairs for all available profiles.
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Scans ``app/integrations/modbus/profiles/*.yaml``, loads each, and
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returns a sorted list of ``(name, description)`` tuples. Profiles that
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fail to load are skipped with a warning.
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"""
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results: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
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if not _PROFILES_DIR.exists():
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return results
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for path in sorted(_PROFILES_DIR.glob("*.yaml")):
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name = path.stem
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try:
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profile = load_profile(name)
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results.append((profile.name, profile.description))
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except (ProfileNotFoundError, ProfileValidationError, Exception) as exc:
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logger.warning("Skipping malformed profile '%s': %s", name, exc)
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return results
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def decode(profile: ModbusProfile, registers: dict[int, int]) -> dict[str, float]:
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"""Decode raw register values into a mapping of ``{key: float_value}``.
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For each metric in *profile*, the function looks up the two registers at
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``address`` and ``address + 1`` in *registers* and decodes them as a
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big-endian float32 (high register first).
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Metrics whose registers are absent from *registers* are skipped (not
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an error — this can happen if a block was not requested or a device does
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not populate that register). Metrics with unsupported ``type`` values
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are also skipped.
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Parameters
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----------
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profile:
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Validated ``ModbusProfile`` describing the device.
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registers:
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Mapping of ``{register_address: 16-bit_value}`` as returned by
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``driver.read_blocks``.
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Returns
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-------
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dict[str, float]
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Decoded engineering values keyed by each metric's ``key`` field.
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"""
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result: dict[str, float] = {}
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for metric in profile.metrics:
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if metric.type == "float32":
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hi_addr = metric.address
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lo_addr = metric.address + 1
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if hi_addr not in registers or lo_addr not in registers:
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logger.debug(
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"Skipping metric '%s': registers 0x%04X/0x%04X not available",
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metric.key,
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hi_addr,
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lo_addr,
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)
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continue
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value = registers_to_float(registers[hi_addr], registers[lo_addr])
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result[metric.key] = value
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else:
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logger.warning(
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"Metric '%s' has unsupported type '%s', skipping",
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metric.key,
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metric.type,
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)
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return result
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